ʻO Malcolm X

Malcolm ʻO X (hānau ʻia ʻo Malcolm Little; Anakuhi:Efn Mei 19, 1925 – Pepeluali 21, 1965) he kipi ʻAmelika ʻApelika a he alakaʻi aupuni ʻeleʻele i hele mai mai kahi ʻano ʻilihune, ka haunaele ʻohana, a me ka hana hewa, i mea koʻikoʻi i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o nā pono kīvila a hiki i kona pepehi kanaka ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 1965. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hui hoʻomana ʻo Nation of Islam i loko o ka hale paʻahao a ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻelele nona mai 1952 a hiki i 1964.

Ua noho ʻo Malcolm i kona wā ʻōpio i loko o kekahi mau hale hānai a me nā ʻohana like ʻole, ma hope o ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne a me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kona makuahine i ka haukapila. I ka makahiki 1946, ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia i ʻewalu a ʻumi mau makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka ʻaihue a me ka ʻaihue. ʻOiai ma laila, ua hui pū ʻo ia me ka Nation of Islam, e lawe ana i ka inoa ʻo Malcolm X e hōʻailona i kona ʻohana kūpuna ʻApelika i ʻike ʻole ʻia me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka " inoa kauā keʻokeʻo ʻo 'Little Anakuhi:'" , a ma hope o kona parole i ka makahiki 1952, ua lilo koke ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā alakaʻi koʻikoʻi loa o ka hui. ʻO ia ke alo o ka lehulehu o ka hui no 12 mau makahiki, e kākoʻo ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o nā ʻeleʻele a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻAmelika ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo, a me ka hoʻohewa ʻana iā Martin Luther King Jr. a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā pono kīvila nui no kona hoʻokūpaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻino ʻole a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā lāhui . Malcolm Ua hōʻike pū ʻo X i ka haʻaheo i kekahi o nā hoʻokō o ka Lahui no ka pono o ka lehulehu e like me kāna papahana hoʻōla lāʻau lapaʻau manuahi. Mai nā makahiki 1950 aku, ʻo Malcolm Ua kiaʻi ʻia ʻo X e ka Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

I nā makahiki 1960, ua Ua hoʻomaka ʻo X e ulu me ka huhū i ka Nation of Islam a me kona alakaʻi ʻo Elijah Muhammad . Ma hope mai, ua apo ʻo ia i ka Islam Sunni a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā pono kīvila ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka Hajj i Mecca a ua kapa ʻia ʻo " el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz", ʻo ia hoʻi ka unuhi maʻalahi ʻo "The Pilgrim Malcolm the Patriarch". Ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka huakaʻi ʻana ma ʻApelika, ua hōʻole ākea ʻo ia i ka Nation of Islam a hoʻokumu i ka Islamic MMI a me ka Pan-African Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU). I loko o ka makahiki 1964, ua hoʻonui ʻia kāna hakakā me ka Nation of Islam a ua hoʻouna pinepine ʻia ʻo ia i nā hoʻoweliweli make. I PepelualiAnakuhi:NbspMa ka lā 21 o Ianuali, 1965, ua pepehi ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nu Ioka. Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻekolu mau lālā o ka Nation no ka pepehi kanaka a ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia i ke ola pau ʻole . I ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻelua o nā hoʻopaʻi. ʻO ke kuhi ʻana e pili ana i ka pepehi kanaka a inā paha i manaʻo ʻia a kōkua ʻia paha e nā lālā alakaʻi a i ʻole nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka Lāhui, a i ʻole me nā keʻena hoʻokō kānāwai, ua mau no nā makahiki he ʻumi.

Ua hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo ia ma hope o kona make ʻana me ka Malcolm X Day, kahi i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ai ʻo ia ma nā kūlanakauhale like ʻole ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua kapa hou ʻia nā haneli o nā alanui a me nā kula ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no kona hoʻohanohano ʻana, ʻoiai ua hoʻomohala hou ʻia ka Audubon Ballroom, kahi i pepehi ʻia ai ʻo ia, i ka makahiki 2005 e hoʻokipa i ka Malcolm X lāua ʻo Kauka Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center . Ua paʻi ʻia kāna moʻolelo pilikino, āna i hui pū ai me Alex Haley, ma hope o kona make ʻana i ka makahiki 1965.