Oceania

Oceania (i kapa ʻia ka māhele o ka Moana Pākīpika, a i ʻole Moananuiākea ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi kahiko) he māhele nui o ka honua e moe ana ma ka moana. ʻO Moananuiākea ka inoa kahiko o kēia moana nui a me kona mau mokupuni, he inoa i hōʻike i ke aʻo kupuna no ke kai nui a me nā mokupuni like ʻole. I kēia au, ua hoʻopuni ʻia e nā mokupuni like ʻole mai ʻAukekulelia a i Hawaiʻi a i Rapa Nui. He 8.9 miliona kilomika huinanui (3.3 miliona mile huinanui) kona nui, a ma 2024, ua noho ma kēia māhele he 50 miliona kānaka.^[1]

Ka ʻike kupuna

Ma ka ʻike kupuna Hawaiʻi, ʻo Moananuiākea ke kai nui i kaʻapuni i nā mokupuni a pau. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hōkū hoʻokele, nā makani Hawaiʻi, nā nalu kai, a me nā manu hoʻokele e nā kupuna hoʻokele no ka holo moana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mokupuni like ʻole.^[2]

Nā ʻaoʻao kahiko

Ma ka ʻike kahiko, ua māhele ʻia ke kai nui i ʻehā ʻaoʻao:

Kai Koholā - Ke kai ma ka ʻākau
Kai ʻōpuakea - Ke kai ma ka hikina
Kai ʻau Lapa - Ke kai ma ka hema
Kai Māʻokiʻoki - Ke kai ma ke komohana

Nā māhele hou

I kēia au, ua māhele ʻia ʻo Oceania i ʻehā māhele nui:

ʻAukekulelia - Ka māhele komohana me ʻAukekulelia, Aotearoa, a me Tasemenia
Melanikia - Nā mokupuni mai Pāpua Nūkini a i Pīkī
Maikonekia - Nā mokupuni mai Palau a i Kilipaki
Polenekia - Nā mokupuni mai Hawaiʻi a i Nūkilani a i Lapa Nui^[3]

Ka honua

Ua moe ʻo Oceania ma waena o ka Moana Pākīpika. Aia nā ʻano mokupuni like ʻole:

Nā mokupuni nui (e like me ʻAukekulelia)
Nā mokupuni pele (e like me Hawaiʻi)
Nā mokupuni ʻakoʻakoʻa (e like me nā mokupuni o Kiribati)
Nā mokupuni kiʻekiʻe (e like me Aotearoa)

ʻO Mauna Jaya ma Papua Komohana ke kiʻekiʻe loa o Oceania me kona 4,884 mika (16,024 kapuaʻi) mai ka ʻilikai.^[4]

Ke aniau

Ua ʻokoʻa ke aniau ma nā wahi like ʻole o Oceania:

He wela a maʻū ma nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika
He maloʻo ma loko o ʻAukekulelia
He anuanu ma nā mauna o Aotearoa
ʻElua kau ma nā mokupuni o ka Pākīpika:
- Ka wā ua (Nowemapa-ʻApelila)
- Ka wā maʻemaʻe (Mei-ʻOkakopa)

Ka moʻolelo

Ka wā kahiko a me nā Austronesia

ʻElua māhele nui o ka noho ʻana o nā kānaka ma Oceania. ʻO ka māhele mua, ua hiki mai nā kānaka i ʻAukekulelia a me Papua Nuikini ma mua o 65,000 makahiki aku nei. Ua noho mua nā ʻAborikini ma ʻAukekulelia.

Ma ka lua o ka māhele, ua holo mai nā kānaka Austronesia mai ka ʻāina o Taiwan i ke komohana hema o ka Moana Pākīpika, ma kahi o 6,000 makahiki aku nei. Ua hoʻomaka ka holo moana ma waena o nā mokupuni me nā waʻa kaulua i kūkulu ʻia no ka moana hohonu.^[5]

Ka hoʻokele moana

Ua akamai loa nā kānaka Austronesia i ka hoʻokele moana. Ua hoʻohana lākou i ke kāhiko hōkū, nā makani paʻa, nā au kai, nā nalu, nā mānu moana, a me nā ao i mea hoʻokele. Ua aʻo ʻia kēia ʻike mai kekahi hanauna a i kekahi.^[6]

ʻO ka waʻa kaulua ke kahua o ka holo moana. He mau waʻa nui lākou i hiki ke holo i ka moana hohonu no nā mahina he nui. Ma luna o kēia mau waʻa i holo ai nā kānaka, nā holoholona, nā mea kanu, a me nā mea ʻai a pau i pono no ka noho ʻana ma nā mokupuni hou.

Ma muli o kēia mākaukau hoʻokele moana, ua noho ʻia nā mokupuni a pau o ka Moana Pākīpika, mai Melanesia a i Maikolonesia a i Polenesia. ʻO nā kānaka Polenesia kai holo loa aku, e hiki aku ana i Hawaiʻi, Rapa Nui, a me Aotearoa.^[7]

Ka wā ʻEulopa

ʻO Ferdinand Magellan ka ʻEulopa mua i hōʻea i kēia māhele honua i ka makahiki 1521, ʻoiai ua noho mua ʻia e nā kānaka maoli no nā kaukani makahiki he nui. Ma hope mai, ua hiki mai nā mokuahi mai ʻEulopa. Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ua lilo nā mokupuni i nā aupuni like ʻole:

Pelekania (ʻAukekulelia, Aotearoa)
Palani (Tahiti, Kalekonia Hou)
Kepania (Guama)
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (Hawaiʻi)

Nā kānaka

I kēia wā, aia ma Oceania he 50 miliona kānaka. Noho ka hapa nui ma ʻAukekulelia (25.9 miliona). Eia nā ʻano kānaka:

Kānaka ʻAborikini
Kānaka Melanesia
Kānaka Polenesia
Kānaka Maikolonesia
Nā kānaka i neʻe mai mai ʻEulopa a me ʻĀkia mai

Ka hoʻonoho ʻana

He nui nā kaiāulu maoli ma Oceania. I kēia lā, noho nā kānaka ma nā wahi like ʻole:

Nā ʻōlelo

He nui nā ʻano ʻōlelo ma Oceania:

Nā ʻōlelo Austronesia
Nā ʻōlelo ʻAborikini
Nā ʻōlelo ʻEulopa (Pelekānia, Palani, Kepania)

Ka hoʻomana

He nui nā ʻano hoʻomana ma Oceania:

Ka hoʻonaʻauao

Ma Oceania, aia he 28 kulanui nui, e like me:

Ka waiwai

He like ʻole ka waiwai o nā ʻāina like ʻole:

Nā Kūmole

↑ United Nations Statistics Division. "Population and Vital Statistics Report". United Nations, 2024.
↑ Kamakau, Samuel M. "Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old". Bishop Museum Press, 1964.
↑ Pacific Community. "Pacific Island Populations 2023". SPC Statistics for Development Division.
↑ Geology.com "Highest Mountains in Oceania". Retrieved 2024.
↑ Kirch, Patrick V. "On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands". University of California Press, 2022.
↑ Lewis, David. "We, the Navigators: The Ancient Art of Landfinding in the Pacific". University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
↑ Kirch, Patrick V. "On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands". University of California Press, 2022.

Nā Loulou I Waho

E nānā pū

He ʻōmuku kēia mea. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e kōkua mai i ka holomua ʻana i kēia mea.

[1] United Nations Statistics Division. "Population and Vital Statistics Report". United Nations, 2024.

[2] Kamakau, Samuel M. "Ka Poe Kahiko: The People of Old". Bishop Museum Press, 1964.

[3] Pacific Community. "Pacific Island Populations 2023". SPC Statistics for Development Division.

[4] Geology.com "Highest Mountains in Oceania". Retrieved 2024.

[5] Kirch, Patrick V. "On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands". University of California Press, 2022.

[6] Lewis, David. "We, the Navigators: The Ancient Art of Landfinding in the Pacific". University of Hawaii Press, 1994.

[7] Kirch, Patrick V. "On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands". University of California Press, 2022.

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