Galileo Galilei
He kanaka naʻauao ʻepekema Ikālia ʻo Galileo Galilei (15 Pepeluali 1564 – 8 Ianuali 1642). He mea nui kona kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka telescope astronomical a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻike nui o ka universe. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi loa i ka Scientific Revolution a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "makua o ka physics experimental modern." Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ko kākou ʻike no ka honua a me kona wahi i loko o ka universe.
Ke ola mua
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Hānau ʻia ʻo Galileo ma Pisa, ʻIkālia, i ka makua kāne ʻo Vincenzo Galilei, he mea pila a mea hoʻokani pū kaulana, a me ka makuahine ʻo Giulia Ammannati. Aʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma ka Kulanui o Pisa ma ka makahiki 1581, kahi āna i hoʻomaka ai e aʻo i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Akā, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna kumuhana aʻo i ka mathematics ma muli o kona makemake nui i nā helu.
Ke aʻo ʻana
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Ma ke kula, aʻo ʻo ia i nā manaʻo o Aristotle a me nā mea naʻauao kahiko ʻē aʻe. Akā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūʻē i kekahi o ko lākou mau manaʻo ma o ka nānā pono ʻana a me ka hōʻike experimental. Ma ka makahiki 1589, ua lilo ʻo ia i professor ma ka Kulanui o Pisa. Ma ka makahiki 1592, neʻe ʻo ia i ka Kulanui o Padua, kahi āna i aʻo ai no 18 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻike nui
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Ka telescope
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Ma ka makahiki 1609, lohe ʻo Galileo e pili ana i kekahi mea nānā i hana ʻia ma Hōlani. Hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kāna telescope ponoʻī, e hiki ai ke nānā i nā mea ma ka lani he 30 manawa ʻoi aku ka nui. Me kēia mea hana, ʻike ʻo ia i:
- Nā mahina o Iupika
- ʻIke ʻo ia i ʻehā mahina
- Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Medicean Stars
- I kēia lā, kapa ʻia lākou ʻo nā Galilean moons
- Nā kukuna o Saturna
- ʻIke mua ʻo ia i nā kukuna
- ʻAʻole maopopo loa iā ia ke ʻano o nā kukuna
- Ma hope, hoʻomaopopo ʻia e Christiaan Huygens
- Nā phases o Venusa
- Hōʻoia kēia i ka heliocentrism
- Hōʻike i ke poʻo like ʻana me ka mahina
- He mea nui kēia no ka hoʻohiō ʻana i ka manaʻo geocentric
- Nā kinohi ma luna o ka Mahina
- Hōʻike i ka ʻole o ka hemolele o ka lani
- Kākau ʻo ia i ka puke Sidereus Nuncius
- Kaha kiʻi ʻo ia i nā kinohi a pau āna i ʻike ai
Ka physics
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Hana ʻo Galileo i nā hoʻāʻo nui e pili ana i:
- Ka gravity
- Ka hāʻule like ʻana o nā mea kaumaha like ʻole
- Ka hoʻāʻo kaulana ma ka Hale Hoʻokolokolo o Pisa
- Ka hōʻole ʻana i ka manaʻo o Aristotle
- Ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea
- Ke principle of inertia
- Ka acceleration
- Ka projectile motion
- Nā lawa o ka mechanics
- Ka pendulum
- Ka synchronicity
- Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pendulum no ka ana manawa
- Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka horologe
- Ka relativity
- Ka principle o ka relativity
- Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka relative motion
- Ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka physics modern
Nā hana ʻē aʻe
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Hana pū ʻo Galileo i:
- Ka thermoscope (ka mea ana wela mua)
- Ka military compass
- Kekahi microscope compound
- Ka water lifting machine
Ka hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻana
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Ke kūʻē ʻana i ka Hale Pule
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Ma ka makahiki 1633, hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo Galileo e ka Catholic Church no kona kākoʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo heliocentrism a Copernicus, ka manaʻo e kū ana ka Lā ma ka waena o ka solar system.
Ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana
[E ho'opololei | edit source]- Koi ʻia ʻo ia e hōʻole i kāna mau manaʻo
- Hoʻopaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e noho paʻa ma kona hale
- Pāpā ʻia ka paʻi hou ʻana i kāna mau puke
- ʻAʻole hiki ke kamaʻilio me nā mea ʻepekema ʻē aʻe
Ka noho paʻa ʻana
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Noho paʻa ʻo ia ma kona hale ma Arcetri no nā makahiki hope o kona ola. I kēia manawa:
- Hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻepekema
- Kākau ʻo ia i kāna puke hope loa
- Mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e kekahi mau hoa ʻepekema koʻikoʻi
- Makapo ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope
Ka hopena
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Make ʻo Galileo ma Arcetri, kokoke i Florence, ma ka makahiki 1642. Ua lilo kāna hana i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema modern a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko kākou honua.
Kona hoʻoilina
[E ho'opololei | edit source]- Hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻepekema
- Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka physics experimental
- Hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mathematics i ka physics
- Kākoʻo ʻo ia i ka scientific method
Ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻana
[E ho'opololei | edit source]- Nā kikowaena ʻepekema he nui i kapa ʻia ma kona inoa
- Ka Galileo space mission i Iupika
- Nā telescope nui ma ka honua
- Nā makana ʻepekema i kapa ʻia nona
Nā puke koʻikoʻi
[E ho'opololei | edit source]- Sidereus Nuncius (1610)
- Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632)
- Two New Sciences (1638)
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