Mahāvīra

ʻO Mahavira (Sanskrit: महावीर:), i ʻike ʻia ʻo Vardhamana, ʻo ia ka 24th Tirthankara o Jainism. ʻO ia ka hope uhane o ka 23 Tirthankara Parshvanatha.[9] Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Mahavira i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 6 BC i loko o kahi ʻohana aliʻi Jain ma Bihar, India. ʻO Trishala ka inoa o kona makuahine a ʻo Siddhartha ka inoa o kona makuakāne. He poe haipule lakou no Parshvanatha. Ua haʻalele ʻo Mahavira i nā waiwai āpau o ke ao nei ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki a haʻalele i ka home no ka ʻimi ʻana i ke ala ʻuhane, lilo i ascetic. Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Mahavira i ka noʻonoʻo ikaika a me nā austerities koʻikoʻi no nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālua a me ka hapa, a ma hope iho ua loaʻa iā ia ʻo Kevala Gyan (omniscience). Ua haʻi ʻo ia no 30 mau makahiki a loaʻa iā Moksha (hoʻokuʻu ʻia) i ke kenekulia 6 BC, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa ka makahiki ma ka sect.

Ma ka mōʻaukala, ʻo Mahavira, nāna i haʻi iā Jainism i India kahiko, he kanaka kahiko o Gautama Buddha.

Ua aʻo ʻo Mahavira ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā hoʻohiki ahimsa (non-violence), satya (ʻoiaʻiʻo), asteya (ʻaihue ʻole), brahmacharya (maʻemaʻe), a me ka aparigraha (non-attachment) pono no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ʻuhane. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā loina o Anekantavada (ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaoʻao he nui): syadvada a me nayavada. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻo a Mahavira e Indrabhuti Gautama (kāna haumāna poʻokela) ʻo Jain Agamas. ʻO nā kikokikona, i hoʻouna waha ʻia e nā mōneka Jain, ua manaʻo ʻia ua nalowale ka hapa nui ma kahi o ka 1st century CE (i ka wā i kākau mua ʻia ai ke koena ma ka moʻomeheu Svetambara). ʻO nā mana ola o ka Agamas i aʻo ʻia e Mahavira kekahi o nā kikokikona kumu o Svetambara Jainism, akā ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ko lākou ʻoiaʻiʻo ma Digambara Jainism.

Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Mahavira e like me ke kiʻi buddhist ( Statue Bouddha ) i ka noho a kū ʻana paha meditative posture, me ka hōʻailona o ka liona ma lalo ona. ʻO kāna kiʻi kiʻi mua loa mai nā kahua archaeological ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mathura ʻĀkau o India, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o ke kenekulia 1 BCE a me ke kenekulia 2. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kona hānau ʻana ʻo Mahavir Janma Kalyanak a me kāna nirvana (hoʻōla) a me kāna shishya mua (ka hoʻomālamalama ʻuhane) o Shri Gautama Swami i ʻike ʻia e Jains ʻo Diwali.