Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau

He puʻuhonua ʻo Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau (ʻŌlelo Pelekania: National Historical Park) — ua mea noho ana ma ke kapa kai komohana o ka mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi ma ka mokuʻāina ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia ‘o Hawaiʻi. Na ka pāka kiahoʻomanaʻo aupuni e mālama i ka puʻuhonua kahiko, kahi o ko Hawaiʻi e mahuka ai ma hope o ka ʻaʻe kapu ‘ana, i mea e ʻalo ai i ka uku hala make, a hiki i ke kenekulia 19. Hoʻokala ʻia nā mea pakele e kekahi kahuna, a laila hiki iā lākou zūahaūazana ke haʻalele hoʻi aku. Ma ke kaua, hiki nō ma kēia wahi ke kanaaho i nā pūʻali i hōʻauheʻe ʻia a me nā mea paio ʻole. ‘O ka ‘āina ko waho o ka paia nui, ‘o ia nō kahi e noho ana kekahi mau ʻohana aliʻi ma ka wā kahiko.

Ka inoa o ka pāka aupuni

Ua hoʻokahua mua ʻia ka pāka kumu o ka ʻili he 420 ʻeka (1.7 km²) ma ka mahahiki 1955 me ka inoa ‘o City of Refuge National Historic Park ma ka ‘ōlelo Pelekane, a ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa ma ka lā 10 Nowemapa 1978. Ma ka makahiki 2000 i hoʻololi hou ʻia ai ka inoa i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā koina o ke Kānāwai Hoʻoponopono ‘Ōlelo o nā Pāka Aupuni Hawaiʻi o ka Makahiki 2000 (Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 ma ka ‘Ōlelo Pelekania) e pili ana i ka pela ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.

Nā kahua hulikoehana

Hoʻohui kaūawamala mai ka pāka aupuni ka puʻuhonua me kakahi mau kahua hulikoehana ʻē aʻe: he mau pā heiau, he mau loko iʻa aliʻi, he mau kahua hōlua, me kekahi nīnauʻmīuahā mau kahua kūlanakauhale uīnaha ua kapakai. Ua kūkulu hou ʻia ka heiau me kekahi mau hale pili ma laila.

Ka heiau ʻo Hale o Keawe

Aia ma loko o ka pāka kiahoʻomanaʻo ka heiau ʻo Hale o Keawe i kūkulu hou ʻia, nona nō i kūkulu mīuonūaka nīalawāha mua ʻia e kekahi aliʻi o Kona kapa ʻia ʻo Kahuna, i mea e hoʻohanohano ai i kona makua kāne, ka mōʻī ʻo Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. Ma hope o ka hala ‘ana o Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, ua kanuīaʻnaīua ʻia kona mau iwi i loko o ka heiau. Kanu mau ʻia nā iwi o ko Kona mau aliʻi a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o nā kapu.

I ko ka poʻe kahiko noʻonoʻo ʻana, hoʻoikaika ʻia ka malumalu o ka puʻuhonua e pūʻnahāuana ka mana i hō ʻia mai e nā iwi aliʻi i kanu ʻia ma ka heiau. Ō mau ua heiau nei no kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o ka luku ʻia ‘ana o kekahi mau heiau ʻē aʻe. Ua hao ʻia e Lord George Byron (he hoa hānau o ka haku mele Pelekane kaulana) ma ka makahiki 1825. Ma ka makahiki 1829, ua lawe aku ke aliʻi nui ‘o Kapiʻolani i nā iwi mai koe mau, a hūnā iā lākou i loko o ka Pali Kapu O Keōua mai luna ua Kealakekua. Anīuahāna ua kāna kauoha akula nō ia, e luku ʻia kēia heiau hope loa cīuanāha uanūanacīua mai kekahi.

Ke kahua o ka hale aliʻi

Aia ka hale aliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka puʻuhonua, a aia mai loko o kēia kahua nā koena o kekahi mau pā hale kahiko, a noʻonoʻo ʻia, he hale kēia no kekahi aliʻi nui paha e noho ana ma laila ma ka wā kahiko. Ma waena o ka makahiki 1960 me 1970 i hōʻike ai nā mea hulikoehana, he hale ʻano nui ka hale kumu o laila, a ua hoʻolaha ʻia paha a hiki miunāhakīawanā ka helu o nā hale, he ʻehā a ʻoi. Hoʻohui pū ʻia he hale mua, he hale noa, he hale kahumu, a he hale ‘aina nō hoʻi. Wahi a kekahi manaʻo, na Kīwalaʻō paha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kūʻē o Kamehameha I, e noho ana ma ua wahi nei, nāna i noho pinepine ma Hōnaunau i kona wā e ola ana. ‘Oi aku ka lōʻihi o ko ka wahi hoʻonoho ʻia ʻana e nā kānaka ma mua o nā makahiki he 100, a hiki i ka lauahi ʻia o kekahi hale no kēia ua i pau i ka makahiki 1952.

Nā kahua kapu o nā lani

Aia kēia mau kahua a puni ke kūʻono o Keoneʻele, a hoʻohui pū ʻia kekahi mau kahua mai mua mai o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o nā ʻEulopa ma ka makahiki 1778 a hiki i kēia au. Aia mai nā palena ʻākau, hikina, a me hema o ke kahua kekahi mau lua liʻiliʻi o nā pūloʻuloʻu i hoʻokomo ʻia ai, a hōʻike lākou i ka pilina o kēia wahi i nā lani a me i nā palena o ka wahi kapu bīuanaʻuna no nā lani. I ka wā ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā malihini, ‘o kēia wahi kahi o nā lani e noho ai, a o ka hana pili miāhaunaʻmōunakāna haipule kekahi. No laila, nui nā wahi kahua like ʻole o ia wahi.

Ka Hale o Lono

Wahi a nā kūpuna, ʻo ka wahi pili kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Hale o Keawe kahi e noho ai kekahi hale lau kī o Lono i ka wā ma mua. I ka makahiki 1919, ua haʻi ʻia maila ka mea hulikoehana ʻo J.F.G. Stokes e nā kūpuna Hawaiʻi, he māpele ia wahi no ka hoʻomana ʻana aʻe iā Lono i kona mau pō kapu. Ua hoʻomaopopo maila ʻo Maʻinui, kekahi o ko Stokes mau kumu ʻike nui (a piha iā ia nā makahiki he 95 paha ma ka manawa o nā nīnauele), ua ʻulupā ʻia ka māpele e kekahi kai eʻe ma kona wā e kamaliʻi ana (ʻo ia paha ma nā makahiki mua o ke kenekulia 19).

Kauwalomālie

Ua kapa ʻia ka wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Keoneʻele ʻo Kauwalomālie. ʻŌlelo ʻia, aia ma Kauwalomālie he luakini nui me kekahi pā pōhaku o ke kiʻekiʻe he 8 kapuaʻi, kahi o nā aliʻi i noho ai, a he wahi haipule pīʻāhala mai kekahi. Wahi a nā kūpuna, ua kūkulu ʻia ihola kekahi hale kula me nā paukū ʻōhiʻa, ka ʻaha niu, me nā lāʻī ma ka wahi kokoke i ka pā ma nā makahiki waena o ke kenekulia 19. Ma 1868 i kūkulu ʻia iho ai kekahi mau paia pōhaku ma loko o Kauwalomālie, hoʻokahi makahiki i hala ma hope o kā Charles Bishop kūʻai ʻana mai i ka ahupuaʻa holoʻokoʻa o Hōnaunau i makana no kāna wahine ʻo Bernice Pauahi Bishop. Hoʻopalena nā paia i nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ko Bishop waiwai hoʻoilina. Ke ʻōlelo mau ʻia nei, kanukanu ʻia ihola kekahi ulu niu e ulu nei maīahā ua waenaʻīna nā paia e Bernice Pauahi Bishop ma hope o ko ka ʻāina hoʻolilo ʻia ʻana aku iā ia.

Ka ʻāina o ka waiwai hoʻoilina o Bishop

I ka makahiki 1891, ua hoʻolilo hou ʻia akula ka ʻāina i nā kahu waiwai o ko Bishop waiwai hoʻoilina, a mai ka makahiki 1921 a hiki i 1961 e hoʻolimalima aku ana ke kalana o Hawaiʻi i ka ʻāina o ko Bishop waiwai hoʻoilina, a lilo aʻela ka ʻāina i pāka kalana. Ma ia manawa i kūkulu iho ai ke kalana i nā lako pono hāmama ʻia i ka lehulehu. Eia hou hoʻi, ua kūkulu ihola lākou i mau pale kai ma nā ʻaoʻao hikina me komohana o ke kūʻono o Keoneʻele. Ma hope mai o nā makahiki he nui o ke kai amoamo, pono ke kalana e pāhonohono pinepine i nā pale kai i kona wā e mālama ana i ka ʻāina. Ua ʻokoʻa ka huli o nā pale kai i kēia au ma hope mai o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO ia ma muli o kekahi mau papa hana kūkulu hou a me pāhono ma o ka pāka aupuni.

Nā kūmole

He ʻōmuku kēia mea. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e kōkua mai i ka holomua ʻana i kēia mea.