Revive & Restore

Mai Wikipedia
Revive & Restore (Ho'ola a ho'iho'i hou)
Ke ‘Ano 501(c)(3) ʻAhahui waiwai ʻole
Hoʻokumu ʻia 2012
Nā mea hoʻokumu ʻO Ryan Phelan a me Stewart Brand
Loaʻa $5.5 million ma 2022[1]
Wahi Santa Cruz, California, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻia
Kī kānaka ʻO Ryan Phelan, CEO
Wahi i lawelawe ʻia Ka honua
Nānā ʻO ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā ʻano mea ola a pau
(To enhance biodiversity through the genetic rescue of endangered and extinct species )
‘Ao‘ao reviverestore.org

Revive & Restore (Ho'ola a ho'iho'i hou) he hui mālama holoholona hihiu ʻole e lawe mai biotechnology i ka mālama ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka biotechnology e hoʻonui i ka ʻokoʻa genetic, kūkulu i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, a maʻalahi i ka hoʻololi ʻana. Ke poʻo nui ma Sausalito, Kaleponi, ʻo ka ʻoihana o ka hui e hoʻonui mea olaola ma o ka hoopakele genetic o pilikia a pau loa ʻano ʻano.[2][3]

Ua hoʻolalelale ʻo Revive & Restore i ka "Genetic Rescue Toolkit" no ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu - he hui o nā mea hana biotechnology i hoʻololi ʻia mai ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka a me ka mahiʻai ʻoihana e hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena mālama holoholona.[4][5][6] Aia ka pahu hana biobanking a me ka culting cell, hoʻokaʻina moʻo, a me nā ʻenehana hānau hou, e like me cloning. Hoʻopiha ka pahu hana i nā hana mālama kuʻuna, e like me hānai pio a ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kahi noho. I ka makahiki 2023, ua kākoʻo ʻo Revive & Restore i nā haʻawina noiʻi 54 i nā papahana e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka biotechnology no ka mālama ʻana. He 16 mau ʻāina kēia mau hana a ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau ʻano hihiu.

ʻAʻole me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole ka hana a Revive & Restore. ʻO ka mea nui, ua ʻike ʻia kā lākou hana i ka hoʻopau ʻana he "pāʻani akua" a hoʻohewa ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa a me ke kālā mai nā hana hoʻomalu kuʻuna.[7] Eia kekahi, nui ka poʻe hopohopo e ka manaʻo o cloning, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana.[8][9][10][11]

Moolelo[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Ua hoʻokumu pū ʻia ʻo Revive & Restore ma 2012 e Stewart Brand a me Ryan Phelan me ka manaʻo o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana biotechnology i ka mālama.[12] Ua ʻike ka poʻe hoʻokumu ʻaʻole lawa nā hana hoʻomalu kuʻuna e hoʻopakele i kekahi o nā ʻano mea weliweli loa o ka honua a pono nā ʻenehana hou. Ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka hui e ka Hoʻokumu ʻo Long Now a hiki i ka 2017, i ka wā i lilo ai i mea kūʻokoʻa 501(c)(3) hui.

Ua loaʻa iā Revive & Restore ka manaʻo o ka honua i ka makahiki 2013, i ka wā i hoʻonohonoho ai lākou i ka hālāwai lehulehu mua ma ka de-extinction.[13] ʻO kā lākou mau papahana i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka manu nūnū kaʻahele[14] , hen moa[15], a Mammoth huluhulu.[16] Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Revive & Restore i nā pilina me nā keʻena noiʻi, nā keʻena aupuni, a me nā hui mālama mālama ma kahi ākea o nā papahana hoʻopakele genetic i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻino.

Huihui[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Hana ʻia nā papahana Revive & Restore me nā hui ʻepekema, nā hui mālama, nā hui biotechnology, a me nā keʻena aupuni. ʻO Revive & Restore kahi lālā o ka Hui Pū ʻIa no ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano (IUCN) a he mau pilina lōʻihi me ka ʻOihana iʻa a me nā holoholona hihiu o ʻAmelika, ʻO San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Morris Animal Foundation, Island Conservation, a ViaGen Pets & Equine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.[17]

Nā papahana[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Pūnaehana ʻepekema Catalyst[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Kākoʻo ka Catalyst Science Fund i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hana biotechnology hou no ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 2018 a ʻoi aku ma mua o $8 miliona, ʻo ka Catalyst Science Fund ke kuhikuhi nei i ka noiʻi bioscience mua a me nā papahana hōʻoia-o-manaʻo me ka hiki ke hopena i ka mālama. Loaʻa nā papahana kālā i ka Advanced Coral Toolkit a me Wild Genomes i wehewehe ʻia ma lalo nei, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.[18]

Mea Paahana Coral Kiʻekiʻe[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Kākoʻo ka Advanced Coral Toolkit i nā hui noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā biotechnologies e pōmaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻokele koʻa a me nā hana hoʻihoʻi. Aia nā papahana i nā ʻano cryopreservation coral no ka nui biobanking[19] a me nā mea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ke ana ʻana i ka ʻike genetic a i ʻole nā hōʻailona molekala e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi koʻa[19] and fieldable devices for measuring genetic information or molecular signals associated with coral stress.[20] . Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma 2019, ua loaʻa kālā ka papahana i nā hui noiʻi 10.[21]

Nā Genomes Wild[E ho'opololei | edit source]

He polokalamu kālā ʻo Wild Genomes e hāʻawi i nā mea hana genomic i nā ʻepekema kahua, nā luna o nā holoholona hihiu, a me nā kamaʻāina e hana ana e pale i ko lākou olaola kūloko. I ka makahiki 2023, ua hoʻolako kālā ʻo Wild Genomes i 30 mau papahana pākahi. Aia nā ʻano papahana i nā ʻano ʻano Terrestrial, nā ʻano kai, nā Amphibians[22], a me Kelp Ecosystems[23][24]

ʻIke Biobanking[E ho'opololei | edit source]

Hāʻawi ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka make[25][26] biobanking a ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā ʻano mea ʻino hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana. I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Revive & Restore i kahi hui pū me ka ʻOihana iʻa a me nā holoholona hihiu o ʻAmelika i ka ʻiʻo ola biobank mai nā ʻano ʻano make o US. ʻO ka hui pū kekahi me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pipeline biobanking no ka moʻomeheu cell a me ka wā lōʻihi cryopreservation. Hoʻokomo pū ka hui pū ʻana i kahi papahana hoʻokele i ka biobank a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā genomes mai 20 mau ʻano mea weliweli a hoʻoweliweli ʻia.[27]

Cloning no ka mālama[E ho'opololei | edit source]

E kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohaʻahaʻa hānau no ʻelua mau ʻano ʻano make, ka ferret wāwae ʻeleʻele (Mustela nigripes) a ʻO Przewalski lio (Equus ferus przewalskii), Revive & Restore e hoʻoikaika i nā hana e hoʻopaʻa i nā kānaka mai nā laina kelepona kaulana i mālama ʻia ma ka San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Frozen Zoo. Ke ʻimi nei ka papahana e hoʻihoʻi i ka hoʻololi genetic i nalowale mai ka pūnāwai ola ola.

Ma Kekemapa 10, 2020, ʻo ka cloned mua o ka honua ferret wāwae ʻeleʻele hānau. ʻO kēia ferret, i kapa ʻia ʻo Elizabeth Ann, ka mea i hōʻailona i ka manawa mua i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi ʻano mea make o ʻAmelika.[28][29]

Ma ʻAukake 6, 2020, ua cloned mua ka honua ʻO Przewalski lio hānau.[30][31][32] No ka mea o ka oocyte i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka lio hale, he laʻana kēia o nā interspecies SCNT.[33] I ka makahiki 2022, ua hui pū ʻia ka lio, i kapa ʻia ʻo Kurt, me ka lio wahine Przewalski ma San Diego Zoo Wildlife Safari Park e aʻo i nā ʻano o kāna ʻano.[34] On February 17, 2023, a second cloned Przewalski’s horse was born from the same historic cell line.[35] Ma Pepeluali 17, 2023, ua hānau ʻia ka lio lua o Przewalski mai ka laina kelepona kaulana.[35] ʻO Kurt a me ka foal hou he mau māhoe genetic i lilo i nā holoholona cloned mua e hoʻihoʻi i ka loli genetic nalowale i kā lākou ʻano.[36][37]

Biotechnology no ka mālama manu[E ho'opololei | edit source]

I ka makahiki 2019, He 460 mau ʻano manu i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea make e ka IUCN. Eia nō naʻe, nā ʻenehana hānau hou e kū nei no nā mammals, e like me cloning, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia i nā manu ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o nā hoʻolālā hānau. ʻO nā ʻenehana no ke kōkua ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā manu ma hope o nā mea i kūkulu ʻia no nā mammals. I ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Revive & Restore i ka papahana Biotechnology for Bird Conservation e holomua i nā ʻano hana hānau a me nā ʻano hoʻoponopono i nā manu. I kēia lā, ua loaʻa kālā lākou i nā papahana 8 i alakaʻi ʻia e nā ʻepekema ma US, Kelemānia, Korea, a me Iapana. Hiki i nā ʻenehana i hoʻomohala ʻia i loko o ka papahana Biotechnology for Bird Conservation hiki ke holomua ʻelua o nā papahana hoʻokumu ʻo Revive & Restore: ka hoʻopau ʻana o manu nūnū kaʻahele a he mau moa.[38]

Hoʻopau ʻia[E ho'opololei | edit source]

I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Revive & Restore a hāʻawi kālā i kahi papa hana kono wale nō ma hoʻopau ʻia, e hui pū ana i nā kānaka ʻepekema 36 mai ka honua holoʻokoʻa e kūkākūkā i ke ola hou ʻana i nā ʻano mea i nalowale. Hāʻawi ka hanana i ka hālāwai mua i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ke kumuhana. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Revive & Restore a loaʻa kālā i ka hālāwai mua o ka lehulehu e pili ana i ka de-extinction, ʻo TEDxDeExtinction, nāna i hoʻokomo i ka manaʻo i loko o ka media mainstream.[39] Ua puka mai ka Woolly Mammoth a me Passenger Pigeon ma ke ʻano he ʻano kumu no ka hoʻopau ʻana a Revive & Restore.

Mai ka 2013 a hiki i 2021, Revive & Restore i hoʻonohonoho i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana no ka Mammoth huluhulu a Manu Manuahi nā papahana. I 2021, he hui bioscience no ka waiwai, Koloola ʻepekema, ua lawe i ka papahana Woolly Mammoth. Ke hoʻomau nei ka pāhana manu nūnū me Revive & Restore.

Hoʻomaka i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia[E ho'opololei | edit source]

I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Revive & Restore i kahi hoʻolaha e pili ana i ka manaʻo o "Nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia" - e kālele ana i nā pono o ka mālama mālama ʻana, ʻaʻole i ka nānā ʻana i nā makaʻu o nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.[40] Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo Revive & Restore i ka wā e noi ai ka poʻe conservationist i nā hana, lohe pinepine lākou, "Pehea nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia?" Eia nō naʻe, no nā kaukani o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli a me nā ʻano ʻino, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻole pau loa. Hāʻawi ka manaʻo o "Intended Consequences" i kahi counterweight i ka moʻolelo o ka makaʻu i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.

I ka makahiki 2020, ua hoʻokipa ʻo Revive & Restore i kahi papa hana virtual ma Intended Consequences me 57 mau mea komo, me nā ʻepekema, ethicists, a me nā mea mālama mālama. Ua hoʻopuka ʻia ka haʻawina i kahi pukana kūikawā i loko o ka puke pai ʻepekema i nānā ʻia e nā hoa, Conservation Science and Practice.[41]

nā kuhikuhi[E ho'opololei | edit source]

  1. ↑ "IRS 990 Form". 
  2. ↑ "What we do" (in English). Revive&Restore. 
  3. ↑ Anakuhi:Cite AV media
  4. ↑ Novak, Ben J.; Maloney, Tom; Phelan, Ryan (February 2018). "Advancing a New Toolkit for Conservation: From Science to Policy". The CRISPR Journal 1 (1): 11–15. ISSN 2573-1599. PMID 31021184 Check |pmid= value (help). doi:10.1089/crispr.2017.0019. 
  5. ↑ "The Genetic Rescue Toolkit" (in English). Revive&Restore. 
  6. ↑ Piaggio, Antoinette J.; Segelbacher, Gernot; Seddon, Philip J.; Alphey, Luke; Bennett, Elizabeth L.; Carlson, Robert H.; Friedman, Robert M.; Kanavy, Dona; Phelan, Ryan; Redford, Kent H.; Rosales, Marina; Slobodian, Lydia; Wheeler, Keith (February 2017). "Is It Time for Synthetic Biodiversity Conservation?". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 32 (2): 97–107. ISSN 0169-5347. PMID 27871673. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2016.10.016. 
  7. ↑ Anakuhi:Cite AV media
  8. ↑ Steph Yin (Mar 20, 2017). "We Might Soon Resurrect Extinct Species. Is It Worth the Cost?". NY Times. 
  9. ↑ Leah Worthington (17 September 2021). "De-extinction Could Reverse Species Loss. But Should We Do It?". Cal Alumni Association, UC Berkeley. 
  10. ↑ W.S. Roberts (19 October 2020). "The Booming Call of De-extinction". The Scientist. 
  11. ↑ "Should genetic engineering be used as a tool for conservation?". IEMA. 29 September 2017. 
  12. ↑ John Markoff (Apr 19, 2021). "The Butterfly Effect". Alta. 
  13. ↑ Novak, Ben (13 November 2018). "De-Extinction". Genes 9 (11): 548. PMC 6265789. PMID 30428542 Check |pmid= value (help). doi:10.3390/genes9110548. 
  14. ↑ "Bringing back the Passenger Pigeon". Revive&Restore. Feb 8, 2012. 
  15. ↑ Noah Asimow (22 August 2019). "By Land and Sea, Looking to Restore a Planet in Crisis". The Vineyard Gazette. 
  16. ↑ Nathaniel Rich (Feb 27, 2014). "The Mammoth Cometh". NY Times. 
  17. ↑ "Our Supporters". Revive&Restore. 
  18. ↑ "Catalyst Science Fund". Revive & Restore. 
  19. ↑ Anakuhi:Citation
  20. ↑ Meng, Zhuolun; Williams, Amanda; Liau, Pinky; Stephens, Timothy G.; Drury, Crawford; Chiles, Eric N.; Su, Xiaoyang; Javanmard, Mehdi et al. (2022-08-24). "Development of a portable toolkit to diagnose coral thermal stress". Scientific Reports (Springer Science and Business Media LLC) 12 (1). ISSN 2045-2322. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18653-3. 
  21. ↑ "Advanced Coral Toolkit". Revive & Restore. 
  22. ↑ "Morris Animal Foundation and Revive & Restore Announce New Partnership". Morris Animal Foundation. 2022-06-21. 
  23. ↑ "Morris Animal Foundation accepting genetic research proposals for kelp forest species". Veterinary 33. 2022-12-07. 
  24. ↑ "Wild Genomes". Revive & Restore. 
  25. ↑ Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; García, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M. (2015-06-05). "Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction". Science Advances (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)) 1 (5). ISSN 2375-2548. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253. 
  26. ↑ Katy Daigle, Julia Janicki (2022-12-23). "Extinction crisis puts 1 million species on the brink". Reuters. 
  27. ↑ "Informed Biobanking". Revive & Restore. 
  28. ↑ Magazine, Smithsonian; Fox, Alex (2021-02-22). "Elizabeth Ann Is the First Cloned Black-Footed Ferret". Smithsonian Magazine. 
  29. ↑ "Black-footed Ferret Project". Revive & Restore. 2014-07-03. 
  30. ↑ Morris-Grant, Brianna (2023-01-28). "San Diego Zoo announces birth of critically endangered Przewalski's horse, cloned using 42-year-old DNA - ABC News". ABC. 
  31. ↑ Daisy Hernandez (Oct 26, 2020). "Scientists Cloned the Most Endangered Horse in the World—From 40-Year-Old DNA". Popular Mechanics. 
  32. ↑ Tian, X. Cindy; Kubota, Chikara; Enright, Brian; Yang, Xiangzhong (2003-11-13). "Cloning animals by somatic cell nuclear transfer – biological factors". Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 1 (1): 98. ISSN 1477-7827. PMC 521203. PMID 14614770. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-1-98. 
  33. ↑ Lagutina, Irina; Fulka, Helena; Lazzari, Giovanna; Galli, Cesare (October 2013). "Interspecies Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: Advancements and Problems". Cellular Reprogramming 15 (5): 374–384. ISSN 2152-4971. PMC 3787369. PMID 24033141. doi:10.1089/cell.2013.0036. 
  34. ↑ "World’s First Successfully Cloned Endangered Przewalski’s Horse Now Learning the Language of Wild Horses". San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance. 2022-09-27. 
  35. ↑ Black, Abbie (2023-04-19). "Second Przewalski horse born from cloning". cbs8.com. 
  36. ↑ "A New Cloned Horse Offers Hope for Endangered Species". WIRED. 2023-05-04. 
  37. ↑ "Przewalski's Horse Project". Revive & Restore. Revive & Restore. 2020-09-04. 
  38. ↑ "Biotech for Birds". Revive & Restore. Revive & Restore. 2022-02-01. 
  39. ↑ Brand, Stewart (2013-03-13). "Stewart Brand: The dawn of de-extinction. Are you ready?". TED. 
  40. ↑ Phelan, Ryan (2021-09-22). "Ryan Phelan: The intended consequences of helping nature thrive". TED. 
  41. ↑ "Issue Information". Conservation Science and Practice (Wiley) 3 (4). 2021. ISSN 2578-4854. doi:10.1111/csp2.226. 

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