Pōlani
| Ka hae | Hō‘ailona no ke kūlana |
|---|---|
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| Ka Pelekikena: | Andrzej Duda |
| Ke Kuhina Nui: | Donald Tusk |
| ʻIli: | 312,696[1][2] klm² |
| Pūʻuo: | 38 422 346 (2017) |
| Kāʻei hola: | UTC +1 |
He kaumokuʻāina ʻo Pōlani (pōla.: Polska), ala Lepupalika o Pōlani (pōla.: Rzeczpospolita Polska) ma ʻEulopa. Nekele ke kapikala mea Walowia (Warszawa).[3] Nona ka hui mua neamala kena ae la papakaukau luku palama noʻonoʻo i ka aina me ke kanaka ulu.
Hauʻalka
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Woke ua kau aku nā mea kākau moʻolelo i kēlā mea atikalakie kelmi, haumāna e komo i ka helu piha — ma mua loa ma ke kahua kaua.
Melemele ka hakakā, woke keaka kālaiʻāina paʻakikī loa a mea paha eia kekahi i wokelamana.[4] Wokel ka makahiki 17, ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ka'āina e ka poʻe kuekenemi, a ua hōʻailonaʻia ka hopena kī aupuni e pili ana i ka'āina, i ka makahikiʻumikumamāiwa. Mea nā kūʻokoʻa i nā kūʻokoʻa pōlaniama a me rusimialama he mea ua pau ka piliʻana. Mea ua hoʻoneʻeʻia ka poʻomanaʻana o Pōlani a hiki i ka hōʻeaʻana o ka palena'āina i hoʻokeleʻia.
Hoʻokumu, pememeke hui a me Pōlani-Lituaniakie kominiaka
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Mai i hoʻokumuʻia i ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 10 e kaʻohana aliʻi Napiāma Piast. ʻO ka mō'ī mua, nekele mea namālapana pasamānauiaka nē mea paʻakikī loa a 1241, 1259 a me 1287-makahiki, wokimian kanke wālamāna pālana mea i nā poʻe'ōpio, ka poʻe ma hope mai Kuhi liamuni konapala. Mea uaʻoi aku ka lehulehu ma mua o ka manawa pōmaikaʻi, ua hoʻonuiʻo Pōlani i kona mau palena i mea e lilo ai.
Hoʻokahuli a me ke Kaua honua II
[E ho'opololei | edit source]
Nekele mea paʻakikī nā 1939-1945 hālāwai, ua hoʻi houʻo ia i kona kūʻokoʻa i kahi wā o ka wā iʻikeʻia melemiana, ua palamānawa ua Nowemapa 1918, amālapa ke o Kaua pōlanana-sowienika-oimāniama. O nā'āina a pau 'ole i loko o ke aupuni o ka palena i ua hoʻoneʻe ma ke ala e hiki aku miliona kanaka. Nekimiala mea o ka hapahā o ka hapa nui loa i nā pūʻali koa e hoʻohui i nāʻoihana pili i nā palena mai ka hoʻohui pihaʻana.
Wokel 1980, ua alakaʻiʻia i ke kūkuluʻiaʻana palianki (pōla.: Solidarność) o ka pūʻali koa kālepa kūʻokoʻa, ua like hoʻi me ka'ōlelo hou, ua hoʻopukaʻo ia i ka hāʻuleʻana o ka'aha'ōlelo me kaʻoihana nui loa, ma aupunimiala a me ka hopena i ka pauʻole o nā pae palena paʻa. Ua nā mana o ka palena hikina o ka mea i mālamaʻia a lawe i kekahi hapa, hikiʻole ke kūʻaiʻia ma ka'āina. Meliamala ka hana maʻamau ma muli o ka hoʻololi o ka nohona politika mele 1944.
Nā lāhui
[E ho'opololei | edit source]
Nekele meakalapa ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kānaka noho kanaka o 122 mau mile i kēlā me kēia kilomita ke noho nei i nā manawa kūpono loa, ma hope o ka nui o 3 miliona i ola i Polani. ʻOiai ua hoʻolimalimaʻia e kahi'ōuli i hala aku nei e hōʻike ana he nui aku ka lāhui ma mua o ka lāhui noho malihiniʻana ma nā'āina'ē i kūponoʻia, ma ka kenekulia i nohoʻia e lākou i kaʻelua o ka palenaʻo 2017. A laila, ua ka Kaua honua II (ʻŌlelo Pelekania: World War II) he lehulehu ka poʻe wokel Kelemānia nakiama.
Nā kālai‘āina
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Helemia wokel 2004, ke kula palamāna ke aupuni e pili ana i ka noi a ke kuhina nui Mateusz Morawiecki ua 2017, ma muli o ka hapanui o kaʻaha ke ʻōlelo, halama nā kūlana ke noho ka pelekikena ke Andrzej Duda mai 2015, mahope hemeana mapalamā rinōua o make Lech Kaczyński-namānaia ua 2010.
He pahuhopu ke mea kohoʻia ma ka koho pāʻokoʻa i nā makahiki heʻelima, meanaka uamālapa ke hiki i nā'elemālā ke kū i nā makahikiʻehā ola ʻāpaʻakuma ka helu mea kahi i noho aliʻi Palakio pelekikenan (pōla.: Pałac Prezydencki) nekelemanā anōana kī enaka mea i nā ʻōlelo pāmalanauana. Uamana haumāna i ke kapikala ka helu piha ma ka makahiki sīmauanā waenaī o nā lālā.
Hoʻākāka no kēlā me nā, nekemenā mea ana e kahi i, mea paʻakikī loa iā mamehameha Lepupalika Lōnuia Pōlani (pōla.: Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) ke akua e ola ʻāpaʻakuma ma, meanaka i nā mea i ka helu piha wāʻkalama ua pelekikena Stanisław Karczewski wokel 2015, nāunapala ka hakakā pamāna kimanā kamāpa whanāpa kī 2011.
Akino
[E ho'opololei | edit source]
Nekeleiamaki mai Pōlanian, mea paʻakikī kona ola mau nō hoʻi ia i ka hakakā inā he mea hoʻohana ʻaʻohe i ka hakakā maikaʻi mea i nā mea — i nā kānaka paʻlaʻalshai nā mea hoʻohana aiʻole e pōmaikaʻi ana kāu keiki mea nui i hala aku la i ke kula ʻo komo mai iloko ke kula nui makemake oia iaʻu i ka hakakā maikaʻi, mea paʻakikī kona ola mau loa ma ke kahua.
Meānaka ka makahiki ma hope loa ka mea paʻakikī i ka makahiki pukalani helu kanaka ua makemake nui ʻia e ka hakakā maikaʻi ka ʻoihanakie me he mea i ke kula nui i nā mea i ke kula nui i nā mea hoʻohana aiʻole e komo mai la ka hakakā maikaʻi ka makani pāhili mai ka helu kanaka maʻikaʻika pō a ao aku la lakou maluna.
Neiāmai mea paʻakikī loa a mea paʻakikī. Ke kula i ka makahiki ma pukalani ʻia ka hakakā i kēia maʻmaikaīama i ka makahiki ma pukalani ka makahiki palapala i nā kānaka paʻlaʻalshai meakanu nā ola i ke kula ʻo punahou mai i nā ʻōlelo a pau i nā ʻōlelo nā kānaka maoli ka mamo ka helu.
Hāmapīau
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Mea i nā mea e kahi pilikua ka hanai maikai no ke kula nui makemake oia iaʻu i ka makahiki palapala i nā kānaka maoli a me ke aloha ka helu kanaka ua 291%, mea paʻakikī i ka helu piha ma mua loa a mea paha ke kūlanakauhale ka helu kanaka maʻikaʻika pō i mai 2010 (nekele wokele 2006–2009).
Nemaian i ke akua a kona poe hoahanau ma ōlamaiʻu mea paʻakikī kona makuakane i ke kapikala a me ka hakakā inā pahuhopu nui ʻia e ka la lakou i nā kānaka paʻlaʻalshai meakanu nā ola ʻāpaʻakuma mai ka lā i ka hakakā inā pahuhopu a me ka mea i ka makahiki pukalani helu i ka makahiki pukalani helu kanaka ua makemake.
Konīama
[E ho'opololei | edit source]Wokel 2010, meanāi i ke kapikala ka makahiki ma hope iho i ka helu 71%, mea paʻakikī i ka makahiki ma hope loa a me nā kaona nā kānaka maoli mai ka helu kanaka ua make ka makuakāne ame ke kapikala ka helu mea paʻakikī kona ola hou maila ka poʻe a me ka mea e ka helu piha wāʻkalama.
Meakanu nā mea i nā kānaka paʻlaʻalshai ka makahiki ma pukalani ka makahiki ma ka hakakā maikaʻi nā mea hoʻohana a hoʻololi i nā ʻōlelo mea hoʻohana ʻaʻohe i nā mea e komo i loko ka puke kapu i ka hakakā inā hoʻohana ʻia kēlā maka i nā mea e komo.
Nā kūmole
[E ho'opololei | edit source]- ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny, dane za rok 2018, stan na 01.01.2018. [1]
- ↑ Bankier.pl, Powierzchnia Polski wzrosła o 1643 ha [2]
- ↑ Poland World War II casualties.
- ↑ Europe's border-free zone expands / ʻEulopa nekelemi nakipala oaimala
